1) Question : 1. Which of the following cities have been designated as members of UNESCO’s Creative Cities Network (UCCN)?
Options
a. Jaipur and Ajmer
b. Ajmer and Varanasi
c. Jaipur and Varanasi
d. Ahmedabad and Varanasi
Answer : c. Jaipur and Varanasi
Explanation: The UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN)
i. It was created in 2004 to promote cooperation with and among cities that have identified creativity as a strategic factor for sustainable urban development.
ii. The 69 cities which currently make up this network work together towards a common objective: placing creativity and cultural industries at the heart of their development plans at the local level and cooperating actively at the international level.
iii. The Creative Cities Network currently covers seven creative fields: Crafts &folk art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Music and Media Arts.
iv. Varanasi is added under the category ‘Music’ and Jaipur under ‘Crafts and Folk art’
2) Question : Which of the following statements regarding Chhau dance are correct?
1. Chhau dance is a tradition from western India that enacts episodes from epics including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes.
2. It was inscribed in 2010 on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Options
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both
d. None
Answer : b. Only 2
Explanation: Chhau dance
i. Chhau is a tradition from eastern India that enacts episodes from epics including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes.
ii. Its three distinct styles hail from the regions of Seraikella, Purulia and Mayurbhanj, the first two using masks.
iii. Chhau dance is intimately connected to regional festivals, notably the spring festival Chaitra Parva.
iv. Its origin is traceable to indigenous forms of dance and martial practices. Its vocabulary of movement includes mock combat techniques, stylized gaits of birds and animals and movements modeled on the chores of village housewives.
v. Chhau is taught to male dancers from families of traditional artists or from local communities. vii. Chhau is an integral part of the culture of these communities. It binds together people from different social strata and ethnic background with diverse social practices, beliefs, professions and languages.
vi. The dance is performed at night in an open space to traditional and folk melodies, played on the reed pipes mohuri and shehnai. The reverberating drumbeats of a variety of drums dominate the accompanying music ensemble.
viii. However, increasing industrialization, economic pressures and new media are leading to a decrease in collective participation with communities becoming disconnected from their roots.
3) Question : Which of the following statements regarding sedimentary rocks are correct?
1. Sedimentary rocks are formed when igneous rocks undergo gradational activity by different agents of erosion.
2. Sedimentary rocks of organic origin are coal, gypsum and limestone.
3. Rock salt is a chemically formed sedimentary rock.
4. All sedimentary rocks are layered, lying in vertical beds.
Options
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 1 & 4 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 & 2 only
Answer : c. 3 only
Explanation: Sedimentary rocks make up about 5% of the total earth’s crust.
i. Any rock on the earth surface is exposed to weather changes and to the agents of erosion. It thus gets broken into fragments and further gets reduced to small particles called sediments.
ii. So it is not only igneous rocks, but also metamorphic and older sedimentary rocks get fragmented to form new sedimentary rocks.
iii. Sedimentary rocks are distinguished from other rock types in their characteristic layer formation and are termed stratified rocks.
iv. These layers are horizontally arranged in a sedimentary rock. These layers or strata may vary in the thickness from a few inches to many feet.
v. The materials that form sedimentary rock may be brought by streams, glaciers, wind or even animals. They are non-crystalline and often contain fossils.
vi. On the basis of composition, sedimentary rocks are distinguished as.
i. Mechanically formed Sandstone, conglomerate, limestone ii. Chemically formed Rock salt, gypsum, saltpetre, limestone iii. Organically formed Coal, limestone, geyserites
4) Question : Consider the following statements about Madan Mohan Malaviya
1. He established Hindu Banaras University in 1916.
2. He was the founder of Hindu Mahasabha.
3. Malaviya was posthumously conferred with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 2014.
Which of the above statements are incorrect?
Options
a. Only 2
b. Only 3
c. Only 1
d. None
Answer : d. None
Explanation: Pt Madan Mohan Malaviya or Mahamana Malaviya,
i. He was born on 25th December 1861 at Prayag.
ii. Pt Malaviya after his graduation and study of law, practiced for a while in the High Court of Allahabad.
iii. Journalism was also in his blood and was one of the earliest leaders of the Indian National Congress and also elected as President of INC multiple times.
iv. He was elected to the provincial legislative council in 1903. v. His vision of India envisaged rapid industrial and agricultural development and to achieve the same he advocated education.
vi. His dissent to the report of the Indian Industrial Commission stands testimony to his clear thinking on Indian industrial and economic problems.
vii. His major contribution is the founding of the Banaras Hindu University in 1916 and working ceaselessly for it with funds from donations showing his selfless devotion to the cause of education.
viii. One of his outstanding arguments was on the Press Bill. Speaking on April 4, 1910, he vociferously opposed the Bill. Similarly in 1910 he argued against the Seditious Meeting Act. ix. On the National Ideal, he said “No Indian is entitled to the honour of being called a patriot, be he a Hindu, Mohammedan, Christian or Parsi who desires for a moment that any fellow-countrymen of his, whatever his race or creed may be, should be placed under the domination of the men of his own particular persuasion or community, or that any one section should gain an undue advantage over any other section … Patriotism demands that we should desire equally the good of all our countrymen alike.”
x. Pt Malaviya played an important part in the removal of untouchability and in giving direction to the Harijan movement.
xi. Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1914 by Madan Mohan Malaviya. It worked with Arya Samaj and other Hindu organizations. It was directly link with Rashtriya Swam Sevak Sangh founded in 1925 at Nagpur by K.B.Hegewar.
5) Question : Consider the following statements.
1. Heat wave is a condition where temperature is greater than 6 degree Celsius above what’s usual for the region.
2. Severe heat wave is a condition in which temperatures are greater than or equal to 47 degree Celsius.
Which of the above statements are correct according to latest definitions by IMD?
Options
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both
d. None
Answer : b. Only 2
Explanation: i. Heat wave is defined as temperatures greater than 4.5 degree Celsius above what is usual for the region.
ii. Cold wave denotes temperatures less than 4.5 Degree Celsius of what is usual for the region.
iii. A sever heat wave condition occurs when the temperature is greater than or equal to 47 Degree Celsius.
iv. A severe cold wave situation occurs when the minimum temperature is 2 Degree Celsius or lower.
v. If India’s monsoon rainfall were to dip below 10 per cent of the normal and span between 20 and 40 per cent of the country’s area, it would be called a “deficient” year instead of an “All India Drought Year” as the IMD’s older manuals.
vi. A more severe instance, where the deficit exceeds 40 per cent and would have been called an “All India Severe Drought Year” earlier, will now be named as a “Large Deficient Year”.
vii. The IMD has never used the term “drought” in its forecasts and has maintained that declaring droughts was the prerogative of States.
6) Question : Which of the following Statements regarding Climate change Agreement 2015 are correct?
1. There is penalty for countries that miss their emissions targets set out in the Climate Agreement 2015.
2. The agreement asks governments to review their targets in the next four years.
3. In order to reach the long-term goal, countries agreed to set national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions every five years.
4. The long-term objective of the agreement is to make sure global warming stays "well below" 2 degrees Celsius.
Options
a. Statements 1,2,3 are correct
b. Statements 1,3,4 are correct
c. Statements 2,3,4 are correct
d. All Statements are correct
Answer : c. Statements 2,3,4 are correct
Explanation: i. Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015 is not a binding agreement on the parties and no penalty is thus ensued from it.
ii. More about Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015
iii. The Paris Agreement for the first time brings all nations into a common cause based on their historic, current and future responsibilities.
iv. The universal agreement’s objective is to keep the global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
v. The 1.5 degree Celsius limit is a significantly safer defense line against the worst impacts of a changing climate.
vi. Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability to deal with the impacts of climate change.
viii. Countries will submit updated climate plans – called nationally determined contributions (NDCs) – every five years, thereby steadily increasing their ambition in the long-term.
vii. To reach these ambitious and important goals, appropriate financial flows will be put in place.
x. This is further underlined by the agreement’s robust transparency and accounting system, which will provide clarity on countries’ implementation efforts, with flexibility for countries’ differing capabilities. The agreement includes a compliance mechanism, overseen by a committee of experts that operates in a non-punitive way.
ix. Climate action will also be taken forward in the period before 2020. Countries will continue to engage in a process on mitigation opportunities and will put added focus on adaptation techniques. Additionally, they will work to define a clear roadmap on ratcheting up climate finance to USD 100 billion by 2020.
7) Question : Recently Supreme Court of India rejected petitions seeking an order against widening of NH-7 highway project. Which of the following tiger reserves are affected by the project?
Options
a. Dudwa Tiger Reserve , UP
b. Kanha and Pench Tiger reserve, MP.
c. Panna tiger reserve, MP
d. None of the above
Answer : b. Kanha and Pench Tiger reserve, MP.
Explanation: Development vs Conservation: Apex court ruling on the widening of National Highway 7. Please read the article, the topic is of relevance as India is gearing up for new era of development with the initiatives like Make in India, Skilling India etc. A dear topic for UPSC all the time. Important even from the Mains POV.
http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/...
8) Question : Which of the following Central Taxes are subsumed under proposed GST?
1. Central Excise Duty
2. Additional Excise Duty
3. The Excise Duty levied under the Medicinal and Toiletries Preparation Act
4. Service Tax
5. Sales Tax
Options
a. 1,2,3,5
b. 2,3,4
c. 1,2,3,4
d. All
Answer : c. 1,2,3,4
Explanation: GST, or Goods and Services Tax, will subsume central indirect taxes like excise duty, countervailing duty and service tax, as also state levies like value added tax, octroi and entry tax, luxury tax. i. The final consumer will bear only the GST charged by the last dealer in the supply chain, with set-off benefits at all the previous stages.
ii. As a measure of support for the states, petroleum products, alcohol for human consumption and tobacco have been kept out of the purview of the GST. iii. It will have two components - Central GST levied by the Centre and State GST levied by the states.
iv. However, only the Centre may levy and collect GST on supplies in the course of inter-state trade or commerce. The tax collected would be divided between the Centre and the states in a manner to be provided by parliament, on the recommendations of the GST Council.
v. The GST Council is to consist of the union finance minister as chairman, the union minister of state of finance and the finance minister of each state.
vi. The bill proposes an additional tax not exceeding 1% on inter-state trade in goods, to be levied and collected by the Centre to compensate the states for two years, or as recommended by the GST Council, for losses resulting from implementing the GST.
Sales tax is levied by the State Government and not Central Government.
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-...
9) Question : Consider the following statements regarding neutrinos?
1. Neutrinos are electrically charged elementary particle.
2. They are affected by electro-magnetic radiation and can pass through any material. Which of the above statements are correct?
Options
a. All b.
Only 1 c.
Only 2 d.
None
Answer : d. None
Explanation: Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles which make up the universe. They are also one of the least understood.
i. Neutrinos are similar to the electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge.
ii. Neutrinos are electrically neutral, they are not affected by the electromagnetic forces which act on electrons.
iii. Neutrinos are affected only by a "weak" sub-atomic force of much shorter range than electromagnetism, and are therefore able to pass through great distances in matter without being affected by it.
iv. If neutrinos have mass, they also interact gravitationally with other massive particles.v. India was a world leader in neutrino experiments in 1960s but with the closing of the Kolar Gold Fields which was the site of the experiments, experimental neutrino research in India came to a halt.vi. The Indian Neutrino Obervatory at Theni, Tamil Nadu is expected to revive the lost legacy.
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/sc...
10) Question
Options
a. Jaipur and Ajmer
b. Ajmer and Varanasi
c. Jaipur and Varanasi
d. Ahmedabad and Varanasi
Answer : c. Jaipur and Varanasi
Explanation: The UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN)
i. It was created in 2004 to promote cooperation with and among cities that have identified creativity as a strategic factor for sustainable urban development.
ii. The 69 cities which currently make up this network work together towards a common objective: placing creativity and cultural industries at the heart of their development plans at the local level and cooperating actively at the international level.
iii. The Creative Cities Network currently covers seven creative fields: Crafts &folk art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Music and Media Arts.
iv. Varanasi is added under the category ‘Music’ and Jaipur under ‘Crafts and Folk art’
2) Question : Which of the following statements regarding Chhau dance are correct?
1. Chhau dance is a tradition from western India that enacts episodes from epics including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes.
2. It was inscribed in 2010 on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Options
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both
d. None
Answer : b. Only 2
Explanation: Chhau dance
i. Chhau is a tradition from eastern India that enacts episodes from epics including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes.
ii. Its three distinct styles hail from the regions of Seraikella, Purulia and Mayurbhanj, the first two using masks.
iii. Chhau dance is intimately connected to regional festivals, notably the spring festival Chaitra Parva.
iv. Its origin is traceable to indigenous forms of dance and martial practices. Its vocabulary of movement includes mock combat techniques, stylized gaits of birds and animals and movements modeled on the chores of village housewives.
v. Chhau is taught to male dancers from families of traditional artists or from local communities. vii. Chhau is an integral part of the culture of these communities. It binds together people from different social strata and ethnic background with diverse social practices, beliefs, professions and languages.
vi. The dance is performed at night in an open space to traditional and folk melodies, played on the reed pipes mohuri and shehnai. The reverberating drumbeats of a variety of drums dominate the accompanying music ensemble.
viii. However, increasing industrialization, economic pressures and new media are leading to a decrease in collective participation with communities becoming disconnected from their roots.
3) Question : Which of the following statements regarding sedimentary rocks are correct?
1. Sedimentary rocks are formed when igneous rocks undergo gradational activity by different agents of erosion.
2. Sedimentary rocks of organic origin are coal, gypsum and limestone.
3. Rock salt is a chemically formed sedimentary rock.
4. All sedimentary rocks are layered, lying in vertical beds.
Options
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 1 & 4 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 & 2 only
Answer : c. 3 only
Explanation: Sedimentary rocks make up about 5% of the total earth’s crust.
i. Any rock on the earth surface is exposed to weather changes and to the agents of erosion. It thus gets broken into fragments and further gets reduced to small particles called sediments.
ii. So it is not only igneous rocks, but also metamorphic and older sedimentary rocks get fragmented to form new sedimentary rocks.
iii. Sedimentary rocks are distinguished from other rock types in their characteristic layer formation and are termed stratified rocks.
iv. These layers are horizontally arranged in a sedimentary rock. These layers or strata may vary in the thickness from a few inches to many feet.
v. The materials that form sedimentary rock may be brought by streams, glaciers, wind or even animals. They are non-crystalline and often contain fossils.
vi. On the basis of composition, sedimentary rocks are distinguished as.
i. Mechanically formed Sandstone, conglomerate, limestone ii. Chemically formed Rock salt, gypsum, saltpetre, limestone iii. Organically formed Coal, limestone, geyserites
4) Question : Consider the following statements about Madan Mohan Malaviya
1. He established Hindu Banaras University in 1916.
2. He was the founder of Hindu Mahasabha.
3. Malaviya was posthumously conferred with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 2014.
Which of the above statements are incorrect?
Options
a. Only 2
b. Only 3
c. Only 1
d. None
Answer : d. None
Explanation: Pt Madan Mohan Malaviya or Mahamana Malaviya,
i. He was born on 25th December 1861 at Prayag.
ii. Pt Malaviya after his graduation and study of law, practiced for a while in the High Court of Allahabad.
iii. Journalism was also in his blood and was one of the earliest leaders of the Indian National Congress and also elected as President of INC multiple times.
iv. He was elected to the provincial legislative council in 1903. v. His vision of India envisaged rapid industrial and agricultural development and to achieve the same he advocated education.
vi. His dissent to the report of the Indian Industrial Commission stands testimony to his clear thinking on Indian industrial and economic problems.
vii. His major contribution is the founding of the Banaras Hindu University in 1916 and working ceaselessly for it with funds from donations showing his selfless devotion to the cause of education.
viii. One of his outstanding arguments was on the Press Bill. Speaking on April 4, 1910, he vociferously opposed the Bill. Similarly in 1910 he argued against the Seditious Meeting Act. ix. On the National Ideal, he said “No Indian is entitled to the honour of being called a patriot, be he a Hindu, Mohammedan, Christian or Parsi who desires for a moment that any fellow-countrymen of his, whatever his race or creed may be, should be placed under the domination of the men of his own particular persuasion or community, or that any one section should gain an undue advantage over any other section … Patriotism demands that we should desire equally the good of all our countrymen alike.”
x. Pt Malaviya played an important part in the removal of untouchability and in giving direction to the Harijan movement.
xi. Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1914 by Madan Mohan Malaviya. It worked with Arya Samaj and other Hindu organizations. It was directly link with Rashtriya Swam Sevak Sangh founded in 1925 at Nagpur by K.B.Hegewar.
5) Question : Consider the following statements.
1. Heat wave is a condition where temperature is greater than 6 degree Celsius above what’s usual for the region.
2. Severe heat wave is a condition in which temperatures are greater than or equal to 47 degree Celsius.
Which of the above statements are correct according to latest definitions by IMD?
Options
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both
d. None
Answer : b. Only 2
Explanation: i. Heat wave is defined as temperatures greater than 4.5 degree Celsius above what is usual for the region.
ii. Cold wave denotes temperatures less than 4.5 Degree Celsius of what is usual for the region.
iii. A sever heat wave condition occurs when the temperature is greater than or equal to 47 Degree Celsius.
iv. A severe cold wave situation occurs when the minimum temperature is 2 Degree Celsius or lower.
v. If India’s monsoon rainfall were to dip below 10 per cent of the normal and span between 20 and 40 per cent of the country’s area, it would be called a “deficient” year instead of an “All India Drought Year” as the IMD’s older manuals.
vi. A more severe instance, where the deficit exceeds 40 per cent and would have been called an “All India Severe Drought Year” earlier, will now be named as a “Large Deficient Year”.
vii. The IMD has never used the term “drought” in its forecasts and has maintained that declaring droughts was the prerogative of States.
6) Question : Which of the following Statements regarding Climate change Agreement 2015 are correct?
1. There is penalty for countries that miss their emissions targets set out in the Climate Agreement 2015.
2. The agreement asks governments to review their targets in the next four years.
3. In order to reach the long-term goal, countries agreed to set national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions every five years.
4. The long-term objective of the agreement is to make sure global warming stays "well below" 2 degrees Celsius.
Options
a. Statements 1,2,3 are correct
b. Statements 1,3,4 are correct
c. Statements 2,3,4 are correct
d. All Statements are correct
Answer : c. Statements 2,3,4 are correct
Explanation: i. Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015 is not a binding agreement on the parties and no penalty is thus ensued from it.
ii. More about Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015
iii. The Paris Agreement for the first time brings all nations into a common cause based on their historic, current and future responsibilities.
iv. The universal agreement’s objective is to keep the global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
v. The 1.5 degree Celsius limit is a significantly safer defense line against the worst impacts of a changing climate.
vi. Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability to deal with the impacts of climate change.
viii. Countries will submit updated climate plans – called nationally determined contributions (NDCs) – every five years, thereby steadily increasing their ambition in the long-term.
vii. To reach these ambitious and important goals, appropriate financial flows will be put in place.
x. This is further underlined by the agreement’s robust transparency and accounting system, which will provide clarity on countries’ implementation efforts, with flexibility for countries’ differing capabilities. The agreement includes a compliance mechanism, overseen by a committee of experts that operates in a non-punitive way.
ix. Climate action will also be taken forward in the period before 2020. Countries will continue to engage in a process on mitigation opportunities and will put added focus on adaptation techniques. Additionally, they will work to define a clear roadmap on ratcheting up climate finance to USD 100 billion by 2020.
7) Question : Recently Supreme Court of India rejected petitions seeking an order against widening of NH-7 highway project. Which of the following tiger reserves are affected by the project?
Options
a. Dudwa Tiger Reserve , UP
b. Kanha and Pench Tiger reserve, MP.
c. Panna tiger reserve, MP
d. None of the above
Answer : b. Kanha and Pench Tiger reserve, MP.
Explanation: Development vs Conservation: Apex court ruling on the widening of National Highway 7. Please read the article, the topic is of relevance as India is gearing up for new era of development with the initiatives like Make in India, Skilling India etc. A dear topic for UPSC all the time. Important even from the Mains POV.
http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/...
8) Question : Which of the following Central Taxes are subsumed under proposed GST?
1. Central Excise Duty
2. Additional Excise Duty
3. The Excise Duty levied under the Medicinal and Toiletries Preparation Act
4. Service Tax
5. Sales Tax
Options
a. 1,2,3,5
b. 2,3,4
c. 1,2,3,4
d. All
Answer : c. 1,2,3,4
Explanation: GST, or Goods and Services Tax, will subsume central indirect taxes like excise duty, countervailing duty and service tax, as also state levies like value added tax, octroi and entry tax, luxury tax. i. The final consumer will bear only the GST charged by the last dealer in the supply chain, with set-off benefits at all the previous stages.
ii. As a measure of support for the states, petroleum products, alcohol for human consumption and tobacco have been kept out of the purview of the GST. iii. It will have two components - Central GST levied by the Centre and State GST levied by the states.
iv. However, only the Centre may levy and collect GST on supplies in the course of inter-state trade or commerce. The tax collected would be divided between the Centre and the states in a manner to be provided by parliament, on the recommendations of the GST Council.
v. The GST Council is to consist of the union finance minister as chairman, the union minister of state of finance and the finance minister of each state.
vi. The bill proposes an additional tax not exceeding 1% on inter-state trade in goods, to be levied and collected by the Centre to compensate the states for two years, or as recommended by the GST Council, for losses resulting from implementing the GST.
Sales tax is levied by the State Government and not Central Government.
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-...
9) Question : Consider the following statements regarding neutrinos?
1. Neutrinos are electrically charged elementary particle.
2. They are affected by electro-magnetic radiation and can pass through any material. Which of the above statements are correct?
Options
a. All b.
Only 1 c.
Only 2 d.
None
Answer : d. None
Explanation: Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles which make up the universe. They are also one of the least understood.
i. Neutrinos are similar to the electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge.
ii. Neutrinos are electrically neutral, they are not affected by the electromagnetic forces which act on electrons.
iii. Neutrinos are affected only by a "weak" sub-atomic force of much shorter range than electromagnetism, and are therefore able to pass through great distances in matter without being affected by it.
iv. If neutrinos have mass, they also interact gravitationally with other massive particles.v. India was a world leader in neutrino experiments in 1960s but with the closing of the Kolar Gold Fields which was the site of the experiments, experimental neutrino research in India came to a halt.vi. The Indian Neutrino Obervatory at Theni, Tamil Nadu is expected to revive the lost legacy.
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/sc...
10) Question
: Consider the following statements
1. Lake Lonar in Maharastra is an example of a crater or Caldera Lake.
2. Barren Island in Andaman is an example of a dormant or sleeping volcano.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Options
a. 1 only
b. Both
c. 2 only
d. None
Answer : b. Both
Explanation: i. Most volcanoes are an individual mountain or a hill nearly conical in shape.
ii. The extent and the height of this cone depend upon the viscosity of lava erupting from the earth’s surface.
iii. On eruption, the cone is ripped off and a crater (a funnel shaped feature with a diameter ranging from a few score meters to 2 or 3 or even more kilometers) formed in its place.
iv. As the time passes, the crater is converted into a lake often called as caldera.
1. Lake Lonar in Maharastra is an example of a crater or Caldera Lake.
2. Barren Island in Andaman is an example of a dormant or sleeping volcano.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Options
a. 1 only
b. Both
c. 2 only
d. None
Answer : b. Both
Explanation: i. Most volcanoes are an individual mountain or a hill nearly conical in shape.
ii. The extent and the height of this cone depend upon the viscosity of lava erupting from the earth’s surface.
iii. On eruption, the cone is ripped off and a crater (a funnel shaped feature with a diameter ranging from a few score meters to 2 or 3 or even more kilometers) formed in its place.
iv. As the time passes, the crater is converted into a lake often called as caldera.
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