10 COMMON QUESTION ON BIOLOGY--3

Question 1

Plants absorb most part of water needed by them through their

  embryonic zone

  growing point

  root hairs

  zone of elongation

It's 'root hairs '
Root hairs form an important surface over which plants absorb most of their water and nutrients.

Question 2

Green pigment found in the leaf of plant is ______.

  Hemoglobin

  Chlorophyll

  Lycopin

  None of these

It's 'Chlorophyll '
Chlorophyll gives leaves their green color and absorbs light that is used inphotosynthesis.

Question 3

The disease diphtheria affects ___________.

  Lungs

  Intestine

  Throat

  Body joints

It's 'Throat '
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the throat.

Question 4

Which of the following types of teeth is used for grinding food?

  Canine

  Incisor

  Molar

  Milk

It's 'Molar '
The molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth. They are used primarily to grind food during chewing.

Question 5

Pace maker is related with _______.

  Kidney

  Brain

  Lung

  Heart

It's 'Heart '
A pacemaker is a small device that's placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormalheart rhythms.

Question 6

Branch of biology which deals with the study of identification, nomenclature and classification on organism is____.

  Exobiology

  Ecology

  Taxonomy

  Toxicology

It's 'Taxonomy '
Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.

Question 7

Smallest organism which cause disease _____.

  Bacteria

  Virus

  Mycoplasma

  All

It's 'Mycoplasma '
Mycoplasma species are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered, can survive without oxygen and are typically about 0.1 µm in diameter.

Question 8

An orchid is considered to be a/an _______.

  Symbiont

  Endophyte

  Parasite

  Epiphyte

It's 'Epiphyte '
A majority of orchids are perennial epiphytes, which grow anchored to trees or shrubs in the tropics and subtropics.

Question 9

Botanical name of mango is ______.

  Mussa sapiantum

  Doccus corrota

  Mangifera indica

  None of these

It's 'Mangifera indica '
Mangifera indica is a species of mango in the Anacardiaceae family. It is found in the wild in India and cultivated varieties have been introduced to other warm regions of the world.

Question 10

Age of a tree can be estimated by __________?

  Its height and girth

  Biomass

  Number of annual rings

  Diameter of its heartwood

It's 'Number of annual rings '
Each year, the tree forms new cells, arranged in concentric circles called annual rings .These annual rings show the amount of wood produced duringone growing season.

Minerals & their Deficiency Diseases

Minerals are specific kinds of nutrients that the body needs in order to function properly. A mineral deficiency occurs when the body doesn’t obtain the required amount of a mineral. Minerals helps in building strong teeth and bones, skin, hair, proper function of nerves, muscle contraction, maintains heart functions, etc.

Some important Minerals necessary for Human Body are:

Calcium
Sources: Milk, dairy foods, cereals (Ragi), meat, vegetables, fruits (Sitaphals)
Properties: Component of bones and teeth, helps in blood clotting, Muscle contraction, Conduction of nerve impulses etc. Acts as cofactor of Myosin ATPase.
Deficiency: Defective bones and teeth, Tetany and rickets, Loss of muscle coordination

Phosphorous
Sources: Milk, dairy foods, Cereals, eggs, fish, meat etc.
Properties: Formation of bones and teeth, Component of nucleic acids, energy molecules and coenzymes
Deficiency: Poor body growth, weak bones and teeth.

Sodium
Sources: Table salt, vegetables
Properties: Maintains water balance, blood pressure and nervous system.
Deficiency: Improper muscle contraction; nervous depression; loss of Na+ in urine, dehydration

Potassium
Sources: Vegetables, molasses, banana, date etc
Properties: Osmotic balance; muscle contraction; nerve impulse conduction
Deficiency: Nervous disorder; poor muscle control leading to paralysis

Magnesium
Sources: Green leafy vegetables, soyabean etc
Properties: Cofactor for enzymes e.g. of hexokinase
Deficiency: Heart and vascular irregularities; dilated blood vessels, loss of muscle coordination.

Chlorine
Sources: Common salt
Properties: Main anion of ECF, Acid- base balance
Deficiency: Vomiting and hypochloremic alkalosis

Iron
Sources: Liver, eggs, molasses, cereals, pulses, leafy vegetables, apple, guava etc.
Properties: Formation of Hb so help in O2 transport, Component of cytochromes of ETS, Cofactor of catalase enzyme.
Deficiency: Anaemia; skin problems

Iodine
Sources: Sea foods, leafy vegetables, water, iodized salt etc.
Properties: Normal functioning of thyroid; component of thyroxin so controls BMR
Deficiency: Goiter, Cretinism, Myxoedema

Zinc
Sources: Beet, cheese
Properties: Cofactor of carbonic anhydrase so helps in CO2 transport, Vitamin A metabolism
Deficiency: Reduced respiration

Copper
Sources: Liver, spleen, kidneys, peanuts, beet etc
Properties: Cofactor for enzymes e.g. oxidases and tyrosinase, Component of haemocyanin.
Deficiency: Anaemia

Fluorine
Sources: Water, sea fish, cheese
Properties: Maintains enamel and prevents dental caries.
Deficiency: Dental caries.

Human Blood

• Blood is a fluid connective tissue.
• The quantity of blood in the human’s body is 7% of the total weight.
• This is a dissolution of base whose pH value is 7.4.
• There is an average of 5-6 litres of blood in human body.
• Female contains half litre of blood less in comparison to male.
• Blood consists of two parts:- (A) Plasma (B) Blood Corpuscles

(A) Plasma

• This is the liquid part of blood. 60% of the blood is plasma. Its 90% parts is water, 7% protein, 0.9% salt and 0.1% is glucose. Remaining substances are in a very low quantity.
• Function of plasma – Transportation of digested food, hormones, excretory product etc. from the body takes place through plasma.
• Serum – When Fibrinogen & Protein is extracted out of plasma, the remaining plasma is called serum.

(B) Blood Corpuscles (40% part of the blood)

This is divided into three parts:

1.Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC)

• Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) of a mammal is biconcave
• There is no nucleus in it. Exception – Camel and Lama.
• RBC is formed in Bone Marrow( At the embroynic stage its formation takes place in liver.)
• Its life span is from 20 days to 120 days.
• Its destruction takes place in liver & spleen. Therefore, liver is called grave of RBC.
• It contains haemoglobin, in which haeme iron containing compound is found and due to this the colour of blood is red.
• Globin is a proteinous compound which is extremely capable of combining with oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• The iron compound found in haemoglobin, is haematin.
• The main function of RBC is to carry oxygen to all cells of the body and bring back the carbon dioxide.
• Anaemia disease is caused due to the deficiency of haemoglobin.
• At the time of sleeping RBC is reduced by 5% and people who are at the height of 4200 metres RBC increases by 30% in them.

2. White Blood Corpuscles (WBC) or Leucocytes

• In shape and constitution this is similar to Amoeba.
• Its formation takes place in Bone Marrow, lymph node and sometimes in liver and spleen.
• Its life span is from 1 to 2 days.
• Nucleus is present in the White Blood Corpuscles.
• Its main function is to protect the body from the disease. The ratio of RBC and WBC is 600:1.

3. Blood Platelets or Thrombocytes 

• It is found only in the blood of human and other mammals.
• There is no nucleus in it.
• Its formation takes place in Bone marrow.
• Its life span is from 3 to 5 days.
• It dies in the Spleen.
• Its main function is to help in clotting of blood.

Function of Blood:

• To control the temperature of the body and to protect the body from diseases.

Clotting of blood.

• Transportation of oxygen, Carbon dioxide, digested food, conduction of hormones etc.
• To help in establishing coordination among different parts.

Blood Group of Human

• Blood group was discovered by Lansteiner in 1900.
• For this, he was awarded with Nobel Prize in the year 1930.
• The main reason behind the difference in blood of human is the glyco protein which is found in Red Blood Corpuscles called antigen. Antigen are of two types- Antigen A and Antigen B.
• On the basis of presence of Antigen or Glyco Protein, there are four group of blood in human:
• That contains Antigen A – Blood Group A.
• That contains Antigen B– Blood Group B.
• That contains both the Antigen A and B – Blood Group AB.
• That contains neither of the Antigens- Blood Group O.
• An opposite type of protein, is found in blood plasma. This is called antibody. This is also of two types- Antibody “a” and Antibody “b”.
  Blood Group O is called the Universal Donor because it does not contain any antigen.
  Blood Group AB is called Universal Receptor because it does not contain any antibody